India has a coastline of 7516.6 km-- 5422.6 km of mainland coastline and 2094 km of island territories. India has nine coastal states: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal. This addresses the biodiversity in the marine environment possible. Since the sea is beside the Western and Eastern Ghats, the diversity in the both regions can also be seen in sea. The sea has been a home for many marine animals and plants, along with helping many humans to depend on them. Thus, it is very essential to give technological assistance to maintain and make the marine environment more sustainable. Here calls the need for the observation of physical properties in the coastal region.
The E-Matsya is expected to serve, assess and monitor the environmental condition of the said regions. To do so, E-Matsya needs to be entirely autonomous in nature i.e., it needs to be piloted by an onboard computer to complete pre-programmed mission objectives. To attain this objective the use of the FPGA can be exploited completely, as it is reprogrammable and plays an important role for offering parallelism to perform various data collection from sensors and their analysis.
Our project aims at profiling the sea in 2 dimensions i.e., vertical and horizontal, which helps in conservation of the marine environment. The E-Matsya is expected to operate at an optimum depth of 10 meters and it can move up to 30 meters horizontally. Thus, the expected sweep area is 3000 sq. meters. Scalability, Cost effectiveness and robustness were the guiding design principles in this project.

Project Proposal

1. High-level project introduction and performance expectation

India has a coastline of 7516.6 km-- 5422.6 km of mainland coastline and 2094 km of island territories. India has nine coastal states: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal. This addresses the biodiversity in the marine environment possible. Since the sea is beside the Western and Eastern Ghats, the diversity in the both regions can also be seen in sea. The sea has been a home for many marine animals and plants, along with helping many humans to depend on them. Thus, it is very essential to give technological assistance to maintain and make the marine environment more sustainable. Here calls the need for the observation of physical properties in the coastal region. 

The E-Matsya is expected to serve, assess and monitor the environmental condition of the said regions. To do so, E-Matsya needs to be entirely autonomous in nature i.e., it needs to be piloted by an onboard computer to complete pre-programmed mission objectives. To attain this objective the use of the FPGA can be exploited completely, as it is reprogrammable and plays an important role for offering parallelism to perform various data collection from sensors and their analysis.

Our project aims at profiling the sea in 2 dimensions i.e., vertical and horizontal, which helps in conservation of the marine environment. The E-Matsya is expected to operate at an optimum depth of 10 meters and it can move up to 30 meters horizontally. Thus, the expected sweep area is 3000 sq. meters. Scalability, Cost effectiveness and robustness were the guiding design principles in this project. 

2. Block Diagram

CTD- Conductivity and Temperature sensor

DO- Dissolved Oxygen

DAS- Data Acquisition System

PMU- Power Management Unit

3. Expected sustainability results, projected resource savings

Information from ocean exploration can help us understand how we are affecting and being affected by changes in Earth's environment, including changes in weather and climate. Gathering information manually on the vast sea and oceans, that too specially in the delta and estuaries is a big challenge for all of us. This proposal aims at working in such harsh marine conditions too.

The greed and need of the man is the reason for most of the Industrial Developments. These industries not only produce things that make man’s lives easy, but also cause some serious effects on the environment. Effects of such actions are often seen in the sea, and our project also aims to measure the pollution in terms of vitality of the water.

Some natural phenomena like algae bloom and Eutrophication cause imbalance in the marine ecosystem. This can be very well detected by E-Matsya.The early detection of these phenomena helps humans in many ways. Salinity is the function of temperature and conductivity, thus can be calculated mathematically by knowing the values of the former. Salinity, turbidity and oxygen concentration near the river discharge in the ocean helps us to study the mixing of rivers in the ocean. This data helps in predicting the biodiversity of the surrounding area. Oxygen level at the river discharge can also monitor the harmful industrial waste which cuts off the oxygen level in that region. This scarcity leaves the marine ecosystem knocked. To summarize, all these parameters are used to monitor the ocean and protect it from pollution and thus protect the biodiversity of the ocean.

All this said above requires a massive and cumbersome size of equipment to accumulate the high precision values. It's very hard to use and move this equipment to the centre of the sea/ocean while E-Matysa can update the use of such a huge size system to a way smaller system. This eases the effort required to get critical records. The implementation of this product is efficient and cost powerful to the equipment that we're using now for measuring the same data.

4. Design Introduction

In order to develop new ocean observational techniques considering the entire criterion for best possible ocean exploration, many different possibilities need to be explored. One among them is bio-mimicking the marine living beings like fish. In this design, the minimum actions of a fish would be mimicked. The E-Matsya would propel forward to a certain distance and turn right or left as pre-programmed. The distance would be an input initially to the controller unit. The turning motions are achieved by holding the tail fin in one direction so that the robot can turn either left or right side. The sensor data can be stored internally to the FPGA memory and when the E-Matsya pops up, we can take the data out, since no RF transmission is possible under water. All the internally stored data set will be collected once the E-Matsya finishes its survey underwater.

5. Functional description and implementation

• PMU made by an FPGA sends power on signal to all integrated sensors (CTD, DO, Turbidity).
• After power on delay of 1 min, it will start recording the data to DAS and start thrusters through a power management unit which is integrated with a depth sensor to reach the desired depth (either 10m or 5 m) by taking vertical water column profiling and storing data in DAS.
• When surfaced again the thruster with servo motor is powered on for horizontal movement of the unit.
• Takes horizontal profiling on surface or at desired depth controlled by depth sensor through FPGA board.

6. Performance metrics, performance to expectation

7. Sustainability results, resource savings achieved

The DE10 nano development FPGA kit acts as a great medium to implement the sustainable data acquisition model proposed above. The inbuilt features and ability to interface it with different peripherals help the developer to exploit the features of the board fully. The power management unit on the board, giving multiple valued power outputs (viz., 9V, 3.3V,2.5V etc) can be used  for powering our sensor with properly synchronized clocks and delays. It also enables us to change the voltage according to the need of the required functionality.

An 8 channel 12 bit Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) can be used to process all kinds of sensor data which are mostly analog in nature and convert it into the most accurate digital data. This converted digital data is easy to read and also helps us to calculate the required parameters (eg: salinity, DO% etc) correctly. The 10 analog input pins, where the direct conversion of analog data happens, reduces the design time. This makes the system robust. The converted digital data can be stored in the inbuilt data acquisition system. Here an 8gb microsd flash card can act as our  storage device of the data acquisition system and help us to store the data efficiently.

 In a nutshell,  a programmable FPGA acts as a CPU and can be used well to provide the required delays, synchronise clock signals, manage inputs and outputs and process the data according to the logical inputs provided by us.

The main peripherals used in the circuit will be the motor system (servo motors and thrusters), conductivity and temperature sensor, turbidity sensor, oxygen sensor, accelerometer and optical sensors. Motor system helps for the movement of the e- matsya. Servo motor helps for the movement in horizontal direction, whereas a thruster enables the device to move up and down in the sea. This system helps in capturing the data at the different depth levels in the sea. An accelerometer in the board helps E-Matsya  to move in the defined direction precisely while moving in horizontal and vertical directions.  Conductivity and temperature sensor gives the temperature sensed in the given point. This will help us to analyze the ecosystem of that particular environment. Turbidity sensor gives us the level of pollution that exists at the given point. The dissolved oxygen level helps us to know the upcoming plants/ animals that might survive well in that particular atmosphere, which will help us to predict phenomena like Algae bloom. The intensity and brightness of the light goes on decreasing as we move down the ocean. This phenomena can be used and thus by using optical sensor depth at which data reading is happening can be realized.

8. Conclusion

E Matsya serves as a great aid in the study of the marine system. Studying of marine ecosystem is very much essential in order to make marine atmosphere more sustainable. But due to complexities in equipments that are used, reading sea becomes difficult. The mocking model of the fish, which means that Electronic Matsya may not just be well-organized in the sea atmosphere, but also has a very small impact of its presence in sea, while fetching a large amount of useful information. The precise data from e matsya can predict many things that could harm the marine environment. The project therefore provides a seamless marine testing platform, the basis of which makes it more efficient.